UNIX vs. NT :: essays research papers

UNIX VS NTTo build a good and stable network is extremely difficult. It takes a team of very well-read engineers to put together a brass that will provide the best service and will forfill the need for the companies users and clients. There are many issues that have to be resolved and many choices have to be made. The toughest choices IT managers have to make, are what will be the best host platform for their environment. Many questions must be answered. Which server software offers complete functionality, with easy installation and management? Which one provides the highest value for the cost? What kind of support and performance can be expected from this system? And most important of all is what is much secure? In this paper, Microsoft Windows NT Server is compared to UNIX, in the large commercial environment. The main focus of the comparison is on the areas of, reliability, compatibility, formation performance and security. Which system is worth the money? What can you expe ct from Windows NT Server out of the box and from UNIX out of the box? NT can communicate with many antithetical types of computers. So can UNIX. NT can secure sensitive data and keep unauthorized users off the network. So can UNIX. Essentially, both operating systems meet the token(prenominal) requirements for operating systems functioning in a networked environment. Put briefly, UNIX can do anything that NT can do and more. Being over 25 years old, the UNIX design has been crystalise out further than any other operating system on a large scale. NT is fairly new and some say it is a moth-eaten rip off of UNIX. But it is not cheap at all. To purchase an NT server with 50 Client gateway Licenses , one will spend $4,859.00. not so bad. But it gets much more costly than this. This price is just for software, but everyone knows to build a network you need a lot more than this. E-mail has become an indispensable tool for communication. It is rapidly becoming the most popular form o f communication. With Windows NT, you will have to buy a separate software package in order to set up an e-mail server. Many NT-based companies use Microsoft Exchange as theyre mailing service. It is a nice tool, but an expensive solution with not such great success in the enterprise environment. Microsoft Exchange Server Enterprise Edition with 25 Client Access Licenses costs $3,549.

The Actions of Cocaine in the Brain Essay -- Drugs Addiction Addicted

The Actions of Cocaine in the nousCocaines panache of serve has been shown to involve the dopamine receptors. This paper will discuss how cocain affects dopamine receptors, the mode of addiction, how cocaine affects the frontal header metabolic activities, as well as the role of excitatory amino acids in cocaines implement. I will also discuss how cocaine affects another system through its mechanism on the brainthe renin angiotensin system. Cocaine influences dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission by inhibiting their reuptake. Pimozide, alpha-flupenthixol, perphenazine and chlorpromazine, all dopamine antagonists, were use to pre-treat rats in an attempt to demonstrate the reinforcing set up of dopamine. Because rats demonstrated a reduced rate of self-administration during extinction as well as after pre-treatment with antagonists, it is conceivable that dopamine receptors are involved in the reinforcing personal effects of cocaine (Hubner & Moreton, 1991). Two dopamine receptors, B1 and B2, are believed to be involved in these rewarding effects of cocaine. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine intravenously on a fixed-ratio (FR) 5 schedule of reinforcement. When these rats were pretreated with SCH23390, a D1 antagonist, and spiperone, a D2 antagonist, their response rates varied. At doses up to l0ug/kg, the rats exhibited an increased response rate whereas at doses higher than this, the rats showed a decrease in their response rate. A similar decrease in response rate was produced when central dopamine containing neurons were destroyed with the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxy-dopamine (Hubner &Moreton, 1991). The mode of action of the D1 receptor subtype is on adenylate cyclase. Upon activation, it s... ...1. Dackis, C. A., and Gold, M. S. Neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with cocaine use. Psychiatric Medicine, 1987, 3 469-477. 2. Hubner, C. and Moreton, J. Effects of selective D1 and D2 dopamine antagonists on cocaine self-administration in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 1991, 105 151-156. 3. Karler, R. et. al. excitant amino acids and the actions of cocaine. Brain Research, 1992, 143-146. 4. Nestler E. Molecular Mechanisms of dose Addiction. The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1992, 12(7) 2439-2450. 5. Rodriguez-Sanchez, M. et. al. Effect of Prenatal and Postnatal Cocaine Exposure on Somatostatin Content and Binding in Frontoparietal cortex and Hippocampus of Developing Rat Pups. Peptides, 1991, l2 951-956. 6.Volkow, N. et al. long Frontal Brain Metabolic Changes in Cocaine Abusers. Synapse,1997, 11184-190 The Actions of Cocaine in the Brain Essay -- Drugs Addiction Addicted The Actions of Cocaine in the BrainCocaines mode of action has been shown to involve the dopamine receptors. This paper will discuss how cocaine affects dopamine receptors, the mode of addiction, how cocaine affects the frontal brain metabolic activities, as well as the role of excitatory amino ac ids in cocaines mechanism. I will also discuss how cocaine affects another system through its mechanism on the brainthe renin angiotensin system. Cocaine influences dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission by inhibiting their reuptake. Pimozide, alpha-flupenthixol, perphenazine and chlorpromazine, all dopamine antagonists, were used to pre-treat rats in an attempt to demonstrate the reinforcing effects of dopamine. Because rats demonstrated a reduced rate of self-administration during extinction as well as after pre-treatment with antagonists, it is conceivable that dopamine receptors are involved in the reinforcing effects of cocaine (Hubner & Moreton, 1991). Two dopamine receptors, B1 and B2, are believed to be involved in these rewarding effects of cocaine. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine intravenously on a fixed-ratio (FR) 5 schedule of reinforcement. When these rats were pretreated with SCH23390, a D1 antagonist, and spiperone, a D2 antagonist, thei r response rates varied. At doses up to l0ug/kg, the rats exhibited an increased response rate whereas at doses higher than this, the rats showed a decrease in their response rate. A similar decrease in response rate was produced when central dopamine containing neurons were destroyed with the neurotoxin, 6-hydroxy-dopamine (Hubner &Moreton, 1991). The mode of action of the D1 receptor subtype is on adenylate cyclase. Upon activation, it s... ...1. Dackis, C. A., and Gold, M. S. Neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with cocaine use. Psychiatric Medicine, 1987, 3 469-477. 2. Hubner, C. and Moreton, J. Effects of selective D1 and D2 dopamine antagonists on cocaine self-administration in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 1991, 105 151-156. 3. Karler, R. et. al. Excitatory amino acids and the actions of cocaine. Brain Research, 1992, 143-146. 4. Nestler E. Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Addiction. The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1992, 12(7) 2439-2450. 5. Rodriguez-Sa nchez, M. et. al. Effect of Prenatal and Postnatal Cocaine Exposure on Somatostatin Content and Binding in Frontoparietal Cortex and Hippocampus of Developing Rat Pups. Peptides, 1991, l2 951-956. 6.Volkow, N. et al. Long-Term Frontal Brain Metabolic Changes in Cocaine Abusers. Synapse,1997, 11184-190